Seminar Papers
The region which has a role in navigating and realizing the heading direction was founded. This area is entorhinal cortex. The researchers said that extent of activating this region can be standard for distinguishing two group(poor navigating and well-navigating person). They called this entorhinal cortex brain’s ‘internal compass’. This news is written based on the paper published in the journal Current Biology,
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People usually says the “Practice makes perfect”. The neuroscientist reveals that this sentence makes sense with scientific reason.
The speed for transmitting the electrical information from one neuron to another neuron is faster than before learning.
During the slumber, the neuron have charged to fire more strongly than it had before
3) Myelin sheath, which is insulate the electrical signal at axon, is more fatter than before learning so that it prevent losing an important information.
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https://student.societyforscience.org/article/learning-rewires-brain
Researches at the University of California have discovered that video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults.
In older adults aged between 60 and 85 who trained at home by playing NeuroRacer, a custom-designed 3D video game, both multitasking and cognitive control improved, with effects persisting for six months.
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Read more: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v501/n7465/full/nature12486.html
We have only basic knowledge of how new experiences are converted into lasting memories. It is know that memories are stored primarily in the cerebral cortex. Now, Researchers has successfully determined the location, where memories are generated. They have been able to locate the generation of human memories to certain neuronal layers within the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. They were able to determine which neuronal layer was active. In terms of this study, researchers hope that might be able to assist in acquiring a better understanding of the effects Alzheimer’s disease has on the brain.
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Read more : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126111215.htm
Neuroscientist have believed that older people have less neural flexibility to learn new thing. But, according to new report, older people learned a visual task as well as young people. Researchers found that there were unexpected changes in the white matter of the brain. Researchers scanned subjects brain which is composed with young and older people. The result of analyzing is young people had changes in gray matter, while older people had changes in white matter.
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Read more : http://www.33rdsquare.com/2014/11/older-brains-found-to-have-plasticity.html
Recent some studies have shown that many patients in “vegetative state” may have consciousness. Researchers estimated that about 40% of the patients are partially or fully conscious but cannot just control their movement. And there is no special criteria for distinguishing people in the vegetative state from those who are partially or fully conscious. To measure the border line between unconsciousness and consciousness, EEG or fMRI have been used for that. Ultimately, the purpose is to find cheap and practical solution to detect the levels of consciousness between a vegetative state and full awareness.
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Read more : http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/531.full
Scientists have know for decades that psychedelic drugs’ famous effects are linked to elevated levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin. Researchers are interested not just in single chemicals but also in overall brain activity, because the most complicated brain functions arise from lots of different regions working together. From experiment, Researcher found two main effects of the psilocybin. New connectivity pattern tended to disperse more quickly under the influence of psilocybin than under placebo. Second effect was in the opposite direction and very different from normal brain’s stable connections.
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Read more : http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/2014/10/29/brain-psychedelic-drugs/#.VGAxOYvkfgf
Many theories abound but most agree that consciousness has to involve the integration of activity from several brain networks, allowing us to perceive our surroundings as one single unifying experience rather than isolated sensory perceptions. Counter-intuitively, scientists found that the woman’s loss of consciousness was associated with increased synchrony of electrical activity, or brainwaves, in the frontal and parietal regions of the brain that participate in conscious awareness. The brain can’t distinguish one aspect from another, stopping a cohesive experience emerging.
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Read more : https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329762-700-consciousness-on-off-switch-discovered-deep-in-brain
To date, the cerebellum has been known as a brain region for movement control, but many recent researches have shown that the cerebellum has more functions.
The cerebellum contains a large number of neurons but nobody knows what they are doing and they are for. This article said the difference of correlation in the cerebellum and neocortex between primate and human was found due to relatively rapid evolutionary expansion of cerebellum.
In these days, some evidences are now found that the cerebellum might have a role of language and other cognitive function.
If you are interested in the topic, you can read more in detail as linked below
Read more : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141002123629.htm
Three scientists have shared the 2014 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. This year’s laureates have discovered an ‘inner GPS’ in the brain that makes it possible to orient ourselves in space, demonstrating a cellular basis for higher cognitive function. They found a cell in hippocampus that always activated when a rat was at a certain area. Other nerve cells were activated when the rat was at other places. Scientists concluded these cells and after that, they identified another type of nerve cells, called ‘grid cell’, which generate a coordinate system and allows for precise positioning and path finding.
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