Seminar Papers
Is it possible to diagnose autism by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)?
The professor Marcel Just and his team performed fMRI scans with two groups of subjects. One group is composed of young adults with autism and the other is general public. The test was response of different social interactions. Researchers used machine-learning techniques, and they found the difference between the two groups.
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Researchers have used the brain imaging tool to look inside the brain and predict the human’s future behavior. For example, the likelihood of committing crime, success.
In this news, it was written how and which field the neuroimaging tool was applied for. Almost brain imaging tools are functional magnetic resonance imaging, and electroencephalography.
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Researchers have tried to demonstrate the moral behavior has been changed as the child gets older. The moral behavior was substituted by measuring generosity. To measure the generosity, the children were participated the ‘dictator game’, which is sharing their own stickers with anonymous child after seeing short prosocial/antisocial animations. As the results, the automatic patterns were exhibited early while the more controlled patterns of neural response appeared later during the period of seeing animation including helping and harmful behaviors.
This study was published by Current Biology in Jan. 5, 2015.
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http://medicalxpress.com/news/2014-12-kids-neuroscience.html
How we can remember the space around us? The neural mechanism for remembering was explained by neuroscientist Neil Burgess.
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The region which has a role in navigating and realizing the heading direction was founded. This area is entorhinal cortex. The researchers said that extent of activating this region can be standard for distinguishing two group(poor navigating and well-navigating person). They called this entorhinal cortex brain’s ‘internal compass’. This news is written based on the paper published in the journal Current Biology,
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People usually says the “Practice makes perfect”. The neuroscientist reveals that this sentence makes sense with scientific reason.
The speed for transmitting the electrical information from one neuron to another neuron is faster than before learning.
During the slumber, the neuron have charged to fire more strongly than it had before
3) Myelin sheath, which is insulate the electrical signal at axon, is more fatter than before learning so that it prevent losing an important information.
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https://student.societyforscience.org/article/learning-rewires-brain
Researches at the University of California have discovered that video game training enhances cognitive control in older adults.
In older adults aged between 60 and 85 who trained at home by playing NeuroRacer, a custom-designed 3D video game, both multitasking and cognitive control improved, with effects persisting for six months.
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Read more: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v501/n7465/full/nature12486.html
We have only basic knowledge of how new experiences are converted into lasting memories. It is know that memories are stored primarily in the cerebral cortex. Now, Researchers has successfully determined the location, where memories are generated. They have been able to locate the generation of human memories to certain neuronal layers within the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex. They were able to determine which neuronal layer was active. In terms of this study, researchers hope that might be able to assist in acquiring a better understanding of the effects Alzheimer’s disease has on the brain.
If you are interested in this article, you can read more as linked below.
Read more : http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126111215.htm
Neuroscientist have believed that older people have less neural flexibility to learn new thing. But, according to new report, older people learned a visual task as well as young people. Researchers found that there were unexpected changes in the white matter of the brain. Researchers scanned subjects brain which is composed with young and older people. The result of analyzing is young people had changes in gray matter, while older people had changes in white matter.
If you are interested in this article, you can read more as linked below.
Read more : http://www.33rdsquare.com/2014/11/older-brains-found-to-have-plasticity.html
Recent some studies have shown that many patients in “vegetative state” may have consciousness. Researchers estimated that about 40% of the patients are partially or fully conscious but cannot just control their movement. And there is no special criteria for distinguishing people in the vegetative state from those who are partially or fully conscious. To measure the border line between unconsciousness and consciousness, EEG or fMRI have been used for that. Ultimately, the purpose is to find cheap and practical solution to detect the levels of consciousness between a vegetative state and full awareness.
If you are interested in this article, you can read more as linked below.
Read more : http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6209/531.full