Seminar Papers
Image: MIT News
The researchers from MIT and Harvard Medical School studied brain differences in depression with children who have have family history of it. They used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan children’s brains. Previous study, regarding depression shows the abnormal activity in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the amygdala. In this study, they found strongest links between sgACC and default mode network. Also they found hyperactive connections between the amygdala in high-risk children.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2016/diagnosing-depression-earlier-children-0121
(Illustration: Christine Daniloff / MIT)
MIT neuroscientists found six neural populations regarding sounds. They are locate in human auditory cortex. Each neural population responds selectively to sounds as music or speech. The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the study. They scanned the brains of 10 subjects. During the scanning, subjects listen to 165 natural sounds. For the result, they could show six response patterns to explain the response variation.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
Image: Jose-Luis Olivares/MIT (figures courtesy of the researchers)
Some researchers from MIT developed a computer system which produce a character with unfamiliar writing system. Also it is indistinguishable with humans. For the computational structure, they are related to probabilistic program. This probabilistic program helps to model the concepts of human acquisition.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2015/computer-system-passes-visual-turing-test-1210
Kris Snibbe / Harvard Staff Photographer
Postdoctoral fellow Steven Frankland and Professor Joshua Greene of Psychology suggested that two brain regions build a new thoughts using a conceptual algebra. They used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for scanning the brain. The experiment is scanning the brain of participants, during reading some sentences. One of the example is “The dog chased the man” and “The dog scratched the man”. The areas they found were ’left superior temporal lobe’ and ‘which is locating more toward the center of the head". Also, using the example above, they said, when they change the verb, the ‘dog’ is recognized as the agent. It means, for building a new thoughts, we use that kinds of symbols repeatedly.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/how-the-brain-builds-new-thoughts/
(Getty Images)
Dr. Fadel Zeidan and his colleagues, researched the effect of mindfulness regarding pain. They divided 75 healthy participants into four groups, control group, placebo cream group, sham mindfulness group, and real mindfulness group. First, all participants of four groups took MRI of their brain with painful heat stimulus. After that, they were trained reducing pain during four days. After four days of training, participants took the MRI again, and painful heat stimulus was given. The painful heat was identical stimulus, which the participants experienced during the first MRI scan. Except the control group, the result shows the reduction of pain from rest three groups. Also real mindfulness group was outperformed than other groups.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://time.com/4108442/mindfulness-meditation-pain-management/
Illustration: Jose-Luis Olivares/MIT (ferritin illustrations courtesy of Wikimedia)
MIT engineers designed protein ‘Ferritin’, which has weakly magnetic characteristic. It could be used for tracking cells or monitoring interactions of cells. It is in developing step, because it is not easy to deliver this particles to specific cell. However, from this study, using the cells with ‘Ferritin’, researchers are able to track some activity with MRI.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2015/engineers-design-nanoparticles-magnetic-cell-sensors-1102
Scott Camazine-Getty Images
The author of Harvard Business Review article, Kabir Sehgal, told us how the money affect to the brain. fMRI was used in the experiments, which presented in the article. There are several different studies in the article, and in this news, they mentioned three key results from different experiments. In short summary, the activity area of brain are depends on the task, which concerning money, and some of it could influence person’s physical symptoms. The results are, 1) When one’s money is at risk, stomach pain could occur. 2) Activated area of brain is similar as cocaine addicts. 3) The activities of brain area are shown in different parts in case of risky decision and safe decision.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
(Image: MIT News)
MIT neuroscientists offered evidence that the inferior temporal (IT) cortex could distinguish objects. They used the data from both humans and primates, and found activation in the neurons of IT cortex, when subject recognizing some objects. Also they compared IT area with V4 area, and found that the neurons on each area activates in some objects but not others. Therefore the researcher said we could predict the flow of recognizing image, from the retina through V1, V2, V4 also in IT.
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Once, we think that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (A.D.H.D.) mainly shown from children and young adult. However, this write shows that we could find A.D.H.D. from elder people. Also, when elder has ADHD, the disease could confused with Alzheimer’s disease, which regarding old age.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/09/28/is-it-alzheimers-or-a-d-h-d/
Researchers from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) studied regarding a prosthetic hands. They implanted an electrode array into both motor cortex and sensory cortex. The brain region of sensory cortex recognizes tactile sensations. Those connected wires from motor cortex control the hand. The researchers also show it might be able to communicate sense of touch to the user.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://edition.cnn.com/2015/09/15/health/prosthetic-hand-senses-touch/index.html