Seminar Papers
( image captured from CNN Money - ‘Putting a supercomputer into a smartphone’)
Recently, Artificial Intelligence program, which used ‘Deep Learning’ was shown often. Deep learning uses multiple layers called neural networks, and the concepts of deep learning is from the brain. The Google company, trying to develop deep learning. Also they prospect, it could solve many problem as education or climate change.
Regarding Artificial Intelligence, there is a AI program called AlphaGo (developed by Google), which used ‘Deep learning’ for an algorithm. Recently AlphaGo played the board game ‘Go’, with Lee Se-dol who is the world’s top player of it. Surprisingly, the result was 3:1, which 3 wins from AlphaGo, 1 wins from Lee Se-dol. Also, this is not the first game with AlphaGo and human. Apple won many times, on the match against with human. Therefore, from this results, we could see the development of deep learning techniques.
If you interested in, please click the following link.
Google brain engineer: http://money.cnn.com/technology/google_brain_artificial_intelligence
AlphaGo and Lee Se-dol: http://www.nytimes.com/world/asia/human-vs-computer
(Kris Snibbe / Harvard Staff Photographer)
Vivek Venkatachalam, a postdoctoral and processor Mei Zhen were build the microscope captures 3-D images of all neural activity of worm brains. They were tracked the worm over time during it crawls to figure out where the neurons are in specific volume. Derive from this, Samuel said, it might be possible to monitor all the worms’ neural activity.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.harvard.edu/watching_sensory_information_translate_into_behavior
(Figure: Marcos Chin)
Since many people prefer to listen to music, some researchers were curious about the music-specific domain in our brain. However, researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showed that the speech and music circuits are in different area of auditory cortex, by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) device. The researchers played a set of 165 distinctive sound clips for two seconds each, to 10 participants. From the result of computations from fMRI data, six response patterns were found. Four are related to physical properties. Other one is regarding to tracing the perception of speech, and the other one is related to tracing the data turned operatic.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
Image: MIT News
The researchers from MIT and Harvard Medical School studied brain differences in depression with children who have have family history of it. They used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to scan children’s brains. Previous study, regarding depression shows the abnormal activity in subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and the amygdala. In this study, they found strongest links between sgACC and default mode network. Also they found hyperactive connections between the amygdala in high-risk children.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2016/diagnosing-depression-earlier-children-0121
(Illustration: Christine Daniloff / MIT)
MIT neuroscientists found six neural populations regarding sounds. They are locate in human auditory cortex. Each neural population responds selectively to sounds as music or speech. The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the study. They scanned the brains of 10 subjects. During the scanning, subjects listen to 165 natural sounds. For the result, they could show six response patterns to explain the response variation.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
Image: Jose-Luis Olivares/MIT (figures courtesy of the researchers)
Some researchers from MIT developed a computer system which produce a character with unfamiliar writing system. Also it is indistinguishable with humans. For the computational structure, they are related to probabilistic program. This probabilistic program helps to model the concepts of human acquisition.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2015/computer-system-passes-visual-turing-test-1210
Kris Snibbe / Harvard Staff Photographer
Postdoctoral fellow Steven Frankland and Professor Joshua Greene of Psychology suggested that two brain regions build a new thoughts using a conceptual algebra. They used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for scanning the brain. The experiment is scanning the brain of participants, during reading some sentences. One of the example is “The dog chased the man” and “The dog scratched the man”. The areas they found were ’left superior temporal lobe’ and ‘which is locating more toward the center of the head". Also, using the example above, they said, when they change the verb, the ‘dog’ is recognized as the agent. It means, for building a new thoughts, we use that kinds of symbols repeatedly.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/how-the-brain-builds-new-thoughts/
(Getty Images)
Dr. Fadel Zeidan and his colleagues, researched the effect of mindfulness regarding pain. They divided 75 healthy participants into four groups, control group, placebo cream group, sham mindfulness group, and real mindfulness group. First, all participants of four groups took MRI of their brain with painful heat stimulus. After that, they were trained reducing pain during four days. After four days of training, participants took the MRI again, and painful heat stimulus was given. The painful heat was identical stimulus, which the participants experienced during the first MRI scan. Except the control group, the result shows the reduction of pain from rest three groups. Also real mindfulness group was outperformed than other groups.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://time.com/4108442/mindfulness-meditation-pain-management/
Illustration: Jose-Luis Olivares/MIT (ferritin illustrations courtesy of Wikimedia)
MIT engineers designed protein ‘Ferritin’, which has weakly magnetic characteristic. It could be used for tracking cells or monitoring interactions of cells. It is in developing step, because it is not easy to deliver this particles to specific cell. However, from this study, using the cells with ‘Ferritin’, researchers are able to track some activity with MRI.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link:
http://news.mit.edu/2015/engineers-design-nanoparticles-magnetic-cell-sensors-1102
Scott Camazine-Getty Images
The author of Harvard Business Review article, Kabir Sehgal, told us how the money affect to the brain. fMRI was used in the experiments, which presented in the article. There are several different studies in the article, and in this news, they mentioned three key results from different experiments. In short summary, the activity area of brain are depends on the task, which concerning money, and some of it could influence person’s physical symptoms. The results are, 1) When one’s money is at risk, stomach pain could occur. 2) Activated area of brain is similar as cocaine addicts. 3) The activities of brain area are shown in different parts in case of risky decision and safe decision.
If you’re interested with this article, click the following link: